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Check the status of classical calligraphy in the today art

517-522Full Text

Nahid Mohammad Ebrahimi, Gholamali Hatam* and Kaveh Namegh

Abstract
Calligraphy Art as a national art, Iranian culture symbol and Islamic art, has traversed many ruggedness’s for the sake of its development and has been affected by some social metabolisms. Iranian talents have the most important role in succession this art. In this study, we have survived on the calligraphy genesis development and albums. Along with, it has been emphasized on the inflection points which made the calligraphy styles and schools. We have tried to singularize the effective factors on the calligraphy metabolism and also the fabrication of schools. For this reason, all of the calligraphy schools with the art-sociology approach, and on the basis of Howard Becker`s theory “artistic society”, have been analyzed with the use of R. Jacobson`s diagram method “Art Relational Functioning”. Furthermore, we could study on these schools by referring to the theoretic studies. So the researchers have come to this conclusion that the albums are the most important and documented historical resources of Iranian art. Calligraphy has been in reaction to the social backgrounds throughout the various ages. Besides, there ara some effective factors in expansion or sounding of Calligraphy Art and emergence of famous calligraphers, such as; patrons of the art, encouragement of kings and princes who love art, the existence of artistically institutions and usage of Calligraphy Art parallel to the government purposes and finally the effect of social conditions.

Survey of influencing Factors the rise and decline of calligraphy in Iran

523-529Full Text

Nahid Mohammad Ebrahimi, Gholamali Hatam* and Kaveh Namegh

Abstract
Iranian talents have the most important role in succession this art. The vanguard calligraphers of each age by the usage of innovations in improving the fairness and calligraphy development specially Nastealigh style, have been successful to give some special features to this kind of art which tends to outlining those styles and schools. In this study, we have survived on the calligraphy genesis development and albums. Along with, it has been emphasized on the inflection points which made the calligraphy styles and schools. We have tried to singularize the effective factors on the calligraphy metabolism and also the fabrication of schools. For this reason, all of the calligraphy schools with the artsociology approach, and on the basis of Howard Becker`s theory “artistic society”, have been analyzed with the use of R. Jacobson`s diagram method “Art Relational Functioning”. Calligraphy has been in reaction to the social backgrounds throughout the various ages. Besides, there ara some effective factors in expansion or sounding of Calligraphy Art and emergence of famous calligraphers, such as; patrons of the art, encouragement of kings and princes who love art, the existence of artistically institutions and usage of Calligraphy Art parallel to the government purposes and finally the effect of social conditions.

Comparison of characteristics between neurosis and sense of self-efficacy, coping with chronic pain patients and healthy individuals

530-535Full Text

Fahimeh Nazarzadeh* and Abdullah Adieneh Vand

Abstract
The present study examines the impact of neurosis and sense of self-efficacy, coping characteristics between patients with chronic pain and healthy subjects. Methods the study population included all patients with chronic pain events and Milad Hospital in Tehran was 2014. 133 chronic pain patients and 123 healthy controls were included in the form of multi-stage random. Questionnaire NEO 5 - Factor Inventory and deal with problems of self-efficacy questionnaire and demographic questionnaire was used. The results of this study showed that the average healthy and mentally ill neuroses there are significant differences. The difference between the mean scores of the 3 components of the circuit, stopping the thoughts and emotions negative and support of family and friends at the same time significantly between healthy and sick people. Between healthy and sick people in the two components of the orientation and support of family and friends there is a significant difference. Based on the findings, that the study of personality traits such as neurosis and coping self-efficacy scales to a share of the possibility of chronic pain can be explained, it is possible (P<0.01).

The Effect of Self-assessment Training on Iranian EFL Students' Expository Writing Performance

536-549Full Text

Fatemeh Baratpour

Abstract
Self-assessment, a fundamental part of self-regulated learning, has gained much attention in recent years. Self-assessment is described as a study skill through which the students can organize their self-evaluation, raise their awareness of recognized level of abilities, and develop the capacity to think about their leaning critically (Pierson, 2000; Mrudula, 2002). This study is a mixed-method which is consisted of two phase of quantitative and qualitative data collection. The first attempt of quantitative study is to investigate the effect of self-assessment on intermediate students’ Expository Writing and the second attempt is made here to explore the students’ perceptions toward self-assessment through a questionnaire. The statistical sample is consisted of sixty female students randomly selected from one of the language institutes in the city of Malayer of Iran. The Oxford Placement Test is administered in order to set up two homogenous groups, namely, the experimental and the control. Before launching the treatment, a pre-test of writing is administered to measure the students’ writing proficiency level. The experimental group received the treatment by applying self-assessment checklist five times in the revision stage of their writing; while, the control group was treated with regular writing program described as the traditional approach in this research study. All the written papers of the two groups are scored by a standard analytic rubric. Two raters selected for this study but they are not engaged in the whole research. The raters scored the pre and the post-test collected essays. The statistical results revealed that the self assessment training has positive effect on their writing performance based on the trained traits of expository writing. At the end of the study the students’ perception toward self-assessment questionnaire explained.

The Comparison of Amateur Male and Female Chess Players’ Mental Skills in Iran

550-554Full Text

Majid Keramati Moghadam*, Masoumeh Noredini and Seyed Navid Hojaji

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the amateur male and female chess players’ mental skills in Iran. The statistical population of this study was all amateur male and female chess players in Iran. 160 male (n=99) and female (N=61) chess players were selected as a statistical sample through stratified sampling. The instrument for collecting of data is included the Ottawa Mental Skills assessment Tool (OMSAT-3) under three broader conceptual components: foundation, psychosomatic, and cognitive skills. The collected data were classified by descriptive statistical methods and were analyzed by MANOVA (P≤0.05). the results of study show that there is no significant difference in none of the components of foundation, psychological, and cognitive skills between amateur male and female chess players. Therefore, it seems that the gender factor has no decisive role in amateur female and male chess players, mental skill. We can conclude that there is no significant difference between amateur female and male chess players in mental skills because there is not a physiological difference between them in chess sport and the power and endurance are not played role in this sport.

Social and economic factors on improving the performance of agriculture with emphasis on education and agricultural extension

555-558Full Text

Malek Mehdi Hejazi* and Alireza Sargazi

Abstract
This paper reviews the link between Social and economic factors and improving the performance of agriculture. The agricultural sector continues to be the most important sector in the Sistan economy. There is Direct and significant correlation between two Variables performance of agriculture and education and agricultural extension. So there is significant relationship between the performance of agriculture and education and agricultural extension.

Evaluation(Investigation) of the performance marketing services pistachios In Market Yazd

559-565Full Text

Narges Mohammad Taghinezhad, Zeynab mohammad taghinezhad* and Younes dahmardeh

Abstract
One thing that always remains in the market of agricultural products And in less developed countries such as Iran. Producer price differential The price that the producer receives, The price the consumer pays, In other words, Marketing margin, which The difference in price is more about marketing services such as packing, grading and conversion of the product. Since marketing costs on the price paid by consumers influence, Reduce it cause the increasing prosperity of society. To achieve this goal, This marketing margin And to identify factors influencing the market margin It see MS essential.The present study seeks toad dress the This is a case of pistachios Yazd province. Clearly After producing the product, The main problem is getting the best ways to reach consumers And this is the responsibility of a marketing system is efficient and coherent; There fore, One can understand the importance of marketing. In addition, Since Pistachio is one of the nation's most important export items The foreign exchange is an important source of oil and We can understand the importance of this issue further.

The effects of competitiveness type and audience on learning of a badminton short service motor skill

566-572Full Text

Amin Ebdalifar, Naser Behpour* and Seyed Mujtaba Shirazi

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of competitiveness type and audience on learning and performance of a badminton short service. 40 male students were voluntarily selected from Islamic Azad University Brojoured Branch of Iran by available sampling. The subjects who had high scores in the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) test were selected as competitive people (N=20) and the subjects who had lowest scores in this test were selected as non-competitive people (N=20). Each of them was divided into two groups: a. the audience presence (N=10), b. without the presence of an audience (N=10). The instrument for collecting in data is included the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) and a badminton short service practical test. The analysis of data were done by the two-way ANOVA and independent and dependent t-test (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between the competitive and non-competitive group. The competitive group had a better performance and learning than the non-competitive group. Also the audience presence group had no better performance and learning than without the presence of an audience group. The results showed that the competitive group in the presence of an audience had the best performance in the execution and learning of a badminton short service. In addition, learning of a badminton short service is improved in the competitive subjects with the increasing of competitive environment (the audience presence).

The comparison of blind male and female chess players’ mental skills in Iran

573-578Full Text

Majid Keramatimoghadam*, Masoumeh Noureddini, Seyed Navid Hojaji and Majdeddin Mostaan and Vahid Bakhshalipour

Abstract
The purpose of this study was the comparison of blind male and female chess players’ mental skills in Iran. The statistical population of this study was all blind male and female chess players of Iran. 60 blind chess players were selected as statistical sample by stratified sampling (N female = 34 players, N male = 26 players). The instrument of measurement was included the Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool (OMSAT-3) under three broader conceptual components: foundation, psychosomatic, and cognitive skills. The collected data were classified by descriptive statistical methods and were analyzed by MANOVA (P≤0.05). The results of this study shows that there is no significant difference between blind male and female chess players of Iran in foundation, psychosomatic, and cognitive skills. Therefore, it seems that the gender factor has no decisive role in female and male chess players’ mental skill.

Determining Slope Stability by Rigid Finite Element Method and Limit Analysis Methods

579-589Full Text

AmirMohammad Merati*, Hasan Ghasemzadeh and Seyyed MohammadFarid Astaneh

Abstract
The analysis of soil slopes stability is an issue being analyzed using various methods such as limit equilibrium and its relevant software. In this paper, limit equilibrium method based on plasticity theory has been used. In this paper, Based on upper and lower bound limit theorem and using principle of virtual work for calculations, the authors will introduce an overturning failure criterion to govern both the kinematically and statically admissible fields in the limit analysis and overall factor of safety of slopes stability is introduced at the end of this research. This research utilizes rigid finite element method considering the rotating-sliding mechanism. The results comparisons of the current research with previous ones show considerable results.

The effects of motivational and instructional selftalk on male basketball players’ performance

590-595Full Text

HamidReza Sabounchi* and Afsaneh Sanatkaran

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of motivational and instructional selftalk on performance of basketball dribbling, passing, and shooting skills. 60 subjects participated voluntarily in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups: control, instructional and motivational self-talk groups. Self-talk instructions were presented after the presenting of initial instructions. When the subjects’ performance (dribbling, passing, and shooting) was evaluated they performed the self-talk instructions. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc test. The results showed that self-talk could improve the subjects’ performance in dribbling, passing, and shooting. Also, the results showed that motivational self-talk could be more effective than instructional self-talk on the shooting performance and there was no significant difference between motivational and instructional self-talk on the dribbling and passing performance. In general, motivational and instructional self-talk can improve the performance but it is possible that the motivational self-talk will be more effective on some skills.

Iran and Japan comparative study of administrative management With a focus on technology, innovation and human

596-602Full Text

Amin Reza Kamalian and Anis Nouraei*

Abstract
Administrative system in the country due to direct contact and face to face with people and different layers of society the importance and the special account is and because of the huge volume of government services through the channel and various government departments get citizens arrives so have a coherent administrative system, Efficient ; Transparent and accountable has always been a major concern of governments and policy-makers of society are the as governments try to with scientific studies and the formulation of laws and regulations and administrative reform the ability The added bureaucracy and reduce public grievances. Japan as the top administrative bureaucracy, has been imitated in other countries, including America. Iran has in some cases to follow Japan's administrative system but because of the Islamic regime in Iran Islam has some of the administrative system. In this article we have tried Iran and Japan, with a focus on technology bureaucracy, innovation and human resources evaluatedplace so the advantage of each system these cases prove to be discussed and thereby helped to improve administrative systems to Iran.

Investigation of penicillin G content in some Penicillium species

603-606Full Text

Fatemeh Miri* and Mohammad Ali Tajick

Abstract
Fungi are among the main biological producers in today’s modern world. There are several cases of luxuries in universal trade with fungal origin. Antibiotics which produce more than 60 years, are among most valuable fungal productions which have lots of health consumption for humans. Based on current statistics, in our country approximately 700 tone antibiotics are consuming which 100% of them are imported from abroad. The origin source of these antibiotics is microorganisms like fungi and bacteria which could be taken into grant for antibiotic industry. In present study existence of genes involved in Penicillin biosynthesis were investigated in two species of Penicillium. In this study first P. moldavicum, P. chrysogenum fungi were cultured in PDB media and 8 days after their full growth, antibiotic extraction was conducted. After drying, the samples were solved in 1 milliliter of acetonitrile and were analyzed by HPLC. Chromatogram gained from injecting both two types was fully compatible with chromatogram of the standard sample. Level of penicillin G extracted in species P. moldavicum is 172.05 microgram in milliliter and in species P. chrysogenum is 75.04 microgram in milliliter. According to key role of penicillin in industry, these studies need to more research to optimization of Penicillin G biosynthesis.

Information communication and attitude toward physical education achievement

607-609Full Text

Sepideh Ghotnian* and Hakimeh Deimad

Abstract
The purpose of this research, the relationship between knowledge of and attitudes toward physical education students is the school successfully. The research in this study is a correlation. The population was 200 times the number of samples was determined by society. The instruments demographic characteristics questionnaire of 10 questions students' knowledge in the field of information and a questionnaire of 15 questions was the vision and achievement program for students. The reliability of information 0/80 and 0/79 reliability perspective, and students were equal. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test data for inferential analysis, regression and t-test was used. The results showed that the relationship between information, and academic achievement (p > 0.05 and r = 0.029) does not exist.

The relationship between self-awareness, communication and education with attitude

610-611Full Text

Sepideh Ghotnian*, Parastoo Abrishami, Zahra Soltan Moshkekar and Mohamadreza Alimohamadi

Abstract
This relationship between knowledge of communication and academic self-concept is the attitude of physical education. The research in this study is a correlation. Total population was 300 to 150, according to Morgan samples were determined. To collect data from 4 feature-demographic questions, 21 questions questionnaire of students in the field of communications, 10-item questionnaire was school. Communication with 0/91 reliability and reliability education was equal to 0/84. The central and dispersion indices to describe the mean and standard deviation in the form of tables and graphs and to interpret analytical data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that the level of academic self-concept among students in good condition (p < 0.05) is located. Most students of the knowledge of good communication (p < 0.05) are. The awareness of students' communication significant correlation (p < 0.05 and r = 0.049) was observed.

Factors affecting satisfaction athletes (Case Study: karate clubs in Tehran)

612-614Full Text

Farshad Tojari, Sepideh Gotnian* and Neda Asadi

Abstract
The aim of this study factors influencing satisfaction karate athletes in Tehran. The population of 3000 karate in Tehran that from a sample of 200 people who had one year of experience sports activities were selected randomly Gathering tool was a questionnaire with four operating facilities, and training of staff and the ticket price was determined. The results showed that the factors affecting customer satisfaction, equipment and ticket prices have the greatest impact. The results showed that the managers of the club to attract more women Should consider the following points, employ people with high social relationships And the ticket price is lower among women than men and is the place where fitness That their travel is comfortable and safe.

Information systems and their role in decisionmaking managers

615-618Full Text

Farideh Ashraf Ganjoei, Neda Asadi and Sepideh Ghotnian*

Abstract
The use of information systems in most countries of the world to gain access to the right information and therefore the right decision, it is widely accepted. If the data input to the system is not of good quality, not just the output data and make decisions based on this information, the lack of goals is predetermined. The ultra-modern complex world, the role of management information systems and undeniable impact on the community and the organization is not secret. Educational organizations and universities are not exempt from this information correct, accurate and up to date based on their needs and make their decisions wisely. This article MIS management information systems and their role in management decision making covers. Because of the combination of three phenomena MIS system, information and management consider the first of these cases.

Comparison leadership styles of coaches and satisfaction of male and female athletes in Martial arts

619-622Full Text

Zahra Ahmadizadeh, Sepideh Ghotnian*, Fariba Dianat and Melania Aghajanian

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the leadership styles of coaching and satisfaction of individual athletes. The research employs descriptive-correlation method.The population of the study, all athletes participating in the 1393 national competition in karate and taekwondo formed two studies (200 patients) from which the sample was taken of all methods Of which 100 were women and 100 were men. This study includes a questionnaire scales measuring leadership in sport with reliability 0/94 was used to measure the satisfaction of the athlete satisfaction questionnaire developed by the researchers from the Questionnaire and reliability 0/91 was used. The results of research should be to establish a friendly relationship with athletes, coaches, players, issues and problems, technical and tactical guidance during competition and training and education to improve the skills of the players' strengths and weaknesses, and special attention should be it also suggested that educators deal with the players' behavior and leadership styles appropriate to use.Women view, Karate of the operating management style, management styles and priorities in education and training in Taekwondo, the style was a priority-based task autocratic leadership style in both groups accounted for the lowest priority. Men's view, Karate taskoriented managerial style and the style of taekwondo circuit between the first and the lowest priority to both authoritarian leadership style themselves.

Studying the feasibility of decentralization in order to achieve freedom at work Case Study; Payam Noor University of East Azerbaijan province

623-627Full Text

Farid Golestani* and Ali Ghorbani

Abstract
This study examines Study the feasibility of decentralization in order to achieve freedom at work: Case Study of Payam Noor University of East Azerbaijan province. The population is in sample are from Payam e Noor university branches in East Azerbaijan Province as a community of selected people is considered. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was examined them with the community. To analyze the data obtained from the questionnaires collected from descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Thus, for classification, summarization and interpretation of statistical data, descriptive statistical methods and assumptions were used to test the analytical level.

The diagnosing and hinders of transferring knowledge in Tabriz municipality

628-630Full Text

Massoud Eslami* and Ali Reza Hossein Pour Sonboli

Abstract
This study the diagnosing and hinders of transferring knowledge Tabriz municipality in Tabriz East Azerbaijan Province. The population is in municipality units in East Azerbaijan Province as a community of 335 people is considered. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was examined them with the community. To analyze the data obtained from the questionnaires collected from descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Thus, for classification, summarization and interpretation of statistical data, descriptive statistical methods and assumptions were used to test the analytical level.

The impact of critical thinking on customeroriented organizations (Case Study Payam e Noor branches in East Azerbaijan province)

631-637Full Text

Akhtar Pahlevani* and Mohammad Bakhtazmai

Abstract
The general purpose of this research is reviewing the effect of critical thought on costumer oriented organizations by case study of Payame-Noor universities of East Azerbaijan. In his direction two questionnaires were provided. Is the critical thought questioner of California (from B) used by employees? And the satisfaction evaluation of costumer by makes use of Sequel Model used by Payame-Nour students. Statistic community is based on sampling style of 167 employees and 210 students. After collection data was analyzed through these two questionnaires. This research was measured by correlation index which the is the existence of relation between employees critical thought and the amount of their costumer orientation, i.e., as employees critical thought is high, it is added to students, satisfaction of their services. In this research three dimensions of costumer dimensions of costumer dimensions (quality, social and physical) have been used.